See mad in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "amad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "madden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "madhede"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "madli"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "madnesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "madschipe"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "mad"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mad"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "mad"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:ġemǣdan<alt:ġemǣdan, ġemǣded>",
"id": "insane"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġe-\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*moyth₂-éye-ti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to change\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"change\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meyth₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*maidijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"*mǣdan\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġemǣdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"mad\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"insane\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"mad\" id=\"Middle_English:_insane\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġemǣded"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġemǣded",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ġemǣded, the past participle of ġemǣdan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "madde",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "madde",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "madder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "maddyst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "madd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "medd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "maddyst",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "madde",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "madder",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "superlative",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "mad (plural and weak singular madde, comparative madder, superlative maddyst)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "madde",
"2": "madder",
"3": "maddyst"
},
"expansion": "mad (plural and weak singular madde, comparative madder, superlative maddyst)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 12 6 14 13 11 0 14 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 12 5 15 13 12 1 15 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 18 12 7 11 0 11 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 17 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mind",
"orig": "enm:Mind",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mad, insane, deranged; not of sound mind"
],
"id": "en-mad-enm-adj-Xb9QHnRg",
"links": [
[
"mad",
"mad#English"
],
[
"insane",
"insane"
],
[
"deranged",
"deranged"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 12 6 14 13 11 0 14 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 37 17 23 2 5 0 12 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Disability",
"orig": "enm:Disability",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 18 12 7 11 0 11 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emotionally overwhelmed; consumed by mood or feelings"
],
"id": "en-mad-enm-adj-3nJdiItq",
"links": [
[
"mood",
"mood"
],
[
"feelings",
"feelings"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 23 18 12 7 11 0 11 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"perplexed, bewildered; surprised emotionally"
],
"id": "en-mad-enm-adj-rTaGNjtB",
"links": [
[
"perplexed",
"perplexed"
],
[
"bewildered",
"bewildered"
],
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 12 6 14 13 11 0 14 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 18 12 7 11 0 11 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"irate, rageful; having much anger or fury"
],
"id": "en-mad-enm-adj-UtL3KHQv",
"links": [
[
"rageful",
"rageful"
],
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"fury",
"fury"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 12 6 14 13 11 0 14 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"idiotic or dumb; badly thought out or conceived"
],
"id": "en-mad-enm-adj-7U1G7Ms5",
"links": [
[
"idiotic",
"idiotic"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"conceived",
"conceived"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 14 2 8 0 1 1 1 8 2 12 1 5 6 3 1 4 3 10 0 4 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 6 14 13 11 0 14 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 18 12 7 11 0 11 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"obstinate, incautious, overenthusiastic"
],
"id": "en-mad-enm-adj-tmcbQTpX",
"links": [
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"incautious",
"incautious"
],
[
"overenthusiastic",
"overenthusiastic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) obstinate, incautious, overenthusiastic"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"distraught, sad, unhappy"
],
"id": "en-mad-enm-adj-vQXUW-bt",
"links": [
[
"distraught",
"distraught"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"unhappy",
"unhappy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) distraught, sad, unhappy"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 12 6 14 13 11 0 14 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 18 12 7 11 0 11 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scatterbrained or absent-minded"
],
"id": "en-mad-enm-adj-7feE4VLH",
"links": [
[
"scatterbrained",
"scatterbrained"
],
[
"absent-minded",
"absent-minded"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) scatterbrained or absent-minded"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mad/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɛd/"
}
],
"word": "mad"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Derived from the adjective.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "mad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "madden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of madden"
],
"id": "en-mad-enm-verb-50IEmXz6",
"links": [
[
"madden",
"madden#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "mad"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "mad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "make"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of make"
],
"id": "en-mad-enm-verb-~gAvCvDv",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mad/"
}
],
"word": "mad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (change)",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *meyth₂-",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱe",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Disability",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Mind"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "amad"
},
{
"word": "madden"
},
{
"word": "madhede"
},
{
"word": "madli"
},
{
"word": "madnesse"
},
{
"word": "madschipe"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "mad"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mad"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "mad"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:ġemǣdan<alt:ġemǣdan, ġemǣded>",
"id": "insane"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġe-\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*moyth₂-éye-ti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to change\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"change\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meyth₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*maidijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"*mǣdan\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġemǣdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"mad\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"insane\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"mad\" id=\"Middle_English:_insane\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġemǣded"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġemǣded",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ġemǣded, the past participle of ġemǣdan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "madde",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "madde",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "madder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "maddyst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "madd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "medd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "maddyst",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "madde",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "madder",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "superlative",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "mad (plural and weak singular madde, comparative madder, superlative maddyst)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "madde",
"2": "madder",
"3": "maddyst"
},
"expansion": "mad (plural and weak singular madde, comparative madder, superlative maddyst)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mad, insane, deranged; not of sound mind"
],
"links": [
[
"mad",
"mad#English"
],
[
"insane",
"insane"
],
[
"deranged",
"deranged"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"emotionally overwhelmed; consumed by mood or feelings"
],
"links": [
[
"mood",
"mood"
],
[
"feelings",
"feelings"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"perplexed, bewildered; surprised emotionally"
],
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[
"perplexed",
"perplexed"
],
[
"bewildered",
"bewildered"
],
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"irate, rageful; having much anger or fury"
],
"links": [
[
"rageful",
"rageful"
],
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"fury",
"fury"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"idiotic or dumb; badly thought out or conceived"
],
"links": [
[
"idiotic",
"idiotic"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"conceived",
"conceived"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"obstinate, incautious, overenthusiastic"
],
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[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"incautious",
"incautious"
],
[
"overenthusiastic",
"overenthusiastic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) obstinate, incautious, overenthusiastic"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"distraught, sad, unhappy"
],
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[
"distraught",
"distraught"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"unhappy",
"unhappy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) distraught, sad, unhappy"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"scatterbrained or absent-minded"
],
"links": [
[
"scatterbrained",
"scatterbrained"
],
[
"absent-minded",
"absent-minded"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) scatterbrained or absent-minded"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mad/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɛd/"
}
],
"word": "mad"
}
{
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"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Disability",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Mind"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Derived from the adjective.",
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{
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"expansion": "mad",
"name": "head"
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "madden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of madden"
],
"links": [
[
"madden",
"madden#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
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}
],
"word": "mad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Disability",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Mind"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "mad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English past participles"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "make"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of make"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mad/"
}
],
"word": "mad"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mad meaning in Middle English (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.